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小编注：之前值友@Granis为大家翻译的《专题：中国最全翻译－<Runner’sWorld>2015秋季新品跑鞋评测及选购指南》颇受欢迎，今天作者又为大家带来了《5 Common MythsAbout Running Shoes》的文章翻译，告诉你关于跑鞋的5大误区，快来看看，你中枪了么？
版权声明：本译文仅用于学习和交流目的。如有问题请联系yuanchuang@smzdm.com.
原文来源：runnersworld.com原文标题：5 Common Myths About Running Shoes原文链接：/the-shoe-room/5-common-myths-about-running-shoes

副标题：为什么“常识”往往会有所不足
原文《5 Common MythsAbout Running Shoes》，来自跑者世界英文官网
There is a best running shoe. 存在一双最好的跑鞋“What is the top running shoe now?” I’ve been asked this question too manytimes. It would be nice to be able to name a best shoe every year, give a starrating (4 out of 5), or even put a simple “thumbs up” or “thumbs down” on newmodels.
“目前最好的跑鞋是什么？”我被问了太多次这样的问题。如果能确定每年的年度最佳跑鞋那就好了，或者给一个星级评分（例如4/5星），甚至是简单粗暴地对每个新型号竖起拇指或竖起小指（译者注：这里按国人习惯换了手势）。
Unfortunately, it isn’t that simple.Runningshoesare designed for different types of people, strides, feet, andtypes of running. What may be my “perfect” shoe (itself a myth, we’ll get tothat latter), may be completely wrong for you. The very characteristics I like in a shoe may make it uncomfortable for you. WhenRunner’sWorldgives a shoe an award like “Editor’s Choice” all itmeans is that it works well for what it is designed to do and was rated highlyby many testers.
遗憾的是，事情没这么简单。跑鞋是为不同类型的跑者、跑姿、足型和不同类型的跑步项目设计的。对我来说“最完美”的那双跑鞋（这一点其实也是个误区，我们稍后会谈到），对你来说可能完全不合适。我个人偏好的跑鞋特征，反而可能导致你的不舒适。当跑者世界给跑鞋评奖例如“编辑之选奖”时，代表的只是这双鞋很好地完成了它的设计目标，并且被许多测试者打了高分。
Bottom Line:Runningshoesand runners are too diverse to be able to provide an overall ranking or ratings of shoes. The only questiona shoe guide or shoe guy can help with is, “Would this shoe work for someonelike me?”
概要：有太多种类型的跑鞋和跑者，以至于无法给一双鞋一个完全性的评比或评分。一篇跑鞋指南或者一个懂鞋的人能帮你解决的问题只有“这双鞋适合我这样的跑者吗？”
2. All Nikes are created equal. 所有耐克鞋都生而平等(或Brooks, Asics, New Balances等等的跑鞋)How many times have you heard runners say, “I only run in Asics,” or “What do you think of Mizunos?”
你有多少次听到跑者们说，“我只穿ASICS跑步”，或者“你觉得美津浓怎么样”？
Brand actually tells you very little about a shoe because everybrand has a range of shoes for a variety of runners, from minimal racers tomotion-controlmasters. What istrue is that each company has their own unique lasts--the foot-shaped mold ashoe is built around. Thus, if one Adidas shoe fits your arch height, footcurve, and toe length, another with the same last will likely feel right, too.
一双跑鞋的品牌能告诉你的信息实际上是非常少的，因为每个品牌都有为各种跑者设计的各式跑鞋，从极简的竞速鞋到控制系的重量级跑鞋不一而足。真正没错的是每个公司都有他们独一无二的鞋楦——制鞋时用的仿足型模具。因此，如果一双阿迪鞋能符合你的足弓高度、足型曲度和脚趾长度，另一双使用相同鞋楦的鞋也会同样合适。
But every company also has multiple lasts for different shoe categories. TheBrooks Pure Connect last differs greatly from the Adrenaline last, for example. The New Balance Zante is built on a different last than the 860. And companies change designs regularly, so what you liked last year might not be true anymore.
但每个公司也都有为不同种类的鞋设计的各式鞋楦。例如，Brooks的Pure Connect（译者注：鼓励自然跑的Pure系列中最轻量、最赤足化的型号）所用的鞋楦和Adrenaline（译者注：老牌的次顶级支撑系跑鞋）的天差地别，New Balance的Zante（译者注：一双轻量训练/竞速鞋）和860（译者注：在NB中是历史较长的支撑系慢跑鞋了）所用的鞋楦不同。而且跑鞋公司经常改变设计，所以去年你喜欢的可能到了今年就成了明日黄花。
Bottom Line:Blind brand loyalty or distrust is counterproductive. Every shoe company makes a variety of models that differ inperformance an（卧槽这什么鬼bug，这里有字母d就报错）d fit.
概要：盲目的品牌粉或品牌黑只会适得其反。每个跑鞋公司都会生产各式各样不同表现、不同鞋形的跑鞋。
3. A shoe is a prescription.一双跑鞋是一剂处方Here’s a typical story: Jane starts running, wearing her department store sneakers. She develops some small pains and decides to get real running shoes. At a specialty store, she gets “fitted” by a shoe salesman, diagnosed as an overpronater with weak ankles. She’s told she needs this specific type of shoe, or even a specific model.
Too often, Jane then carries this “prescription” with her for years, believing that this shoe is the only one she should run in.
以下是个经典的故事：Jane在刚开始跑步时，穿的是百货公司买的胶底鞋。她在跑步中有了一些小伤病，决定去买双真正的跑鞋。在一家专卖店，一个售货员对她进行了“鉴定”，诊断她为过度内旋、脚踝力量不足。她被告知她需要穿着特定类型的跑鞋，甚至是某个特定的型号。
太多时候，Jane就从此经年累月地带着这剂“处方”生活，相信这双鞋是她的真命天子。
The specialty shoe store can often help you find the right category of shoes that may work best for you, and some runners do have genetic characterizations (like the geometry and angles of your ankle bones) which may predispose them to certain problems. But many other factors affect your gait and the type of shoes you need, and these factors can and do change over time. Factors like how much you weigh, your muscular strengths, range of motion, balance, stride habits, efficiency, and speed.
跑鞋专卖店往往能帮助你找到可能最适合你的一类鞋，而且一些跑者确实因他们独特的基因特征（例如踝骨的几何结构和角度）可能易发某一特定损伤。但其他的许多因素也会影响你的跑姿以及你适合的跑鞋类型，而这些因素能够并且确实随时间不断改变,例如你的体重、肌肉力量、关节活动度、平衡性、跑步习惯、跑步效率和跑步速度。
What is more, that original “prescription” may not have been as accurate as you think. Assessing a running stride is a difficult task. “You could take 10 physical therapists, 10 podiatrists, and 10 rehab doctors and have them look at a runner on a treadmill and you’ll get 30 different descriptions of what they see and the significance of what they see,” says Paul Langer, president of the American Academy of Podiatric Sports Medicine and avid runner himself.
而且，最初的这剂“处方”可能没你想象的那么准确，检测跑姿是一项艰巨的任务。“你可以找10个理疗学家、10个足病医师、10个康复医师来观察一个跑步机上的跑者，然后你会得到30个哈姆雷特。” American Academy of Podiatric Sports Medicine（直译为美国足科运动医学学会）的主席、本人也是跑步迷的Paul Langer如是说。
Plus, ongoing research by biomechanist Benno Nigg indicates that the best method for evaluating shoes may be whether they are comfortable for you--if they feel right on the run.
另外，由生物力学家Benno Nigg牵头的研究表明，评估一双鞋最好的方法可能是看你是否感觉舒适——穿它们跑步时是否感觉良好。
Bottom Line: Finding the right shoes for you is a personal and ongoing challenge. You need to experiment to find what works, and as your fitness and running characteristics change, your shoes can and should change as well.
概要：找到合适的鞋是一项个人化的、永无止歇的艰巨任务。你需要去亲身体验来发现哪些鞋是合适的，而如果你的身体条件和跑步特点变化了，你的跑鞋也会并且也应该一起改变。
4. Monogamy is a virtue.专一性是一种美德When it comes to relationships, monogamy keeps you out of trouble. When it comes to shoes, monogamy can hurt you. Once they’ve experimented with several models, many runners find one shoe they like and state their lifelong loyalty. They then run in the same shoe every day, replace them with the same model and even stockpile them for the coming apocalypse of discontinuation.
涉及人际关系时，专一性能让你远离麻烦。但说到跑鞋，专一性却会让你受伤。很多跑者一旦穿过许多跑鞋之后，就找到了他们的所爱，并确立了终身性的忠诚。之后他们每天都穿相同的跑鞋跑步，穿旧了就用相同的型号更换，甚至会囤积将要停产的型号。
But running in different shoes can make you stronger, faster, and less prone to injury. Studies show correlations between running in a variety of footwear and reduced injuries. Every time you put on a different pair of shoes, your interaction with the ground changes slightly, thus you stride differently. This strengthens new muscles and connective tissues while reducing the repetitive stress on the same body parts.
然而，穿不同的鞋跑步能让你更强壮、跑得更快并且更不容易受伤。研究表明，穿不同跑鞋跑步和降低受伤率有相关性。每次你穿不同的鞋跑步时，你和地面的交互作用就会轻微地变化，因此你的跑姿就会变化。这样就能增强新的肌肉和结缔组织，并且降低同一身体部位的重复应力。
Bottom line: Play the field with shoes. You can do this at the same time (have a different pair for speedwork than for long runs, for example) and consecutively--try a different pair when you replace your shoes. So many shoes, so little time.
概要：对跑鞋脚踏多条船。你可以在同一段时期内做这件事（例如，为速跑准备一双和长跑不一样的鞋），并且持续性地做这件事——当你需要更换跑鞋时尝试一下不同的型号。时间何其少，跑鞋何其多。
5. Shoes can make you fast.跑鞋能让你更快It’s the oldest and most persistent myth about shoes. The right shoes will put jets on your feet, propel you to PRs, and place you on the podium.
这是关于跑鞋的最古老、最顽固的误区了：好的跑鞋能让你脚踩风火轮，创造新PR（译注：PersonalRecord，个人最好成绩），走上奖台巅峰。
The truth is that great shoes can make you feel fast, protect you from some of the stress of running, and stay out of the way--not interfering with your stride or weighing you down. But running prowess comes from your muscles and heart and lungs, developed by running often.
事实是，优秀的跑鞋能给你速度感，减少跑步中的某些压力，然后就不再挡你的路——不干扰你的跑姿，不拖累你前进。但优秀的跑步能力来源于你的肌肉和心肺，由经常性的跑步训练而强化。
Bottom Line: The only feature on a shoe that can truly make you faster is wear.
概要：跑鞋唯一能真正使你变快的方法，是让你穿上它去跑。
不能算附录的附录：一个公司制鞋的“戏路”能有多宽？（当年看到“一个演员的戏路能有多宽”的图结尾的郭达?斯坦森笑喷了，大概VFF就算是跑鞋界的杰森。但大多公司都有不错的演员修养）原文给了4双NB鞋的图以佐证并不是所有NB鞋生而平等，4双里每一双都有不同的鞋楦和不同的脚感。译者才疏学浅认不全型号，这里以个人比较熟悉的Mizuno举例补上

WAVE TENJIN Mizuno Men's Wave Tenjin Running Shoe Amazon.com: Mizuno Men's Wave Tenjin Running Shoe: Shoes $249.99美国亚马逊
美津浓与兰博基尼的联名款，设计基于Mizuno最高缓震级的Wave Prophecy，全掌使用最强机械缓震Infinity Wave，有碳纤维支撑的鞋面借鉴了超跑设计元素。一般推荐给大体重后跟跑的跑者进行日常训练。

Wave Universe 5 Mizuno Men's Wave Universe 5 Running Shoe Amazon.com: Mizuno Men's Wave Universe 5 Running Shoe: Shoes $69.99美国亚马逊
“The lightest shoe in the universe”号称全宇宙最轻的鞋，男US 9码仅重2.8盎司约合79克，更广为人知的NB MRC5000v1都没它轻（男9码重3.1盎司，MRC5000v2更重）。美津浓以新的材料技术将一双传统竞速鞋（它的鞋底结构很接近美津浓的驿传竞走用鞋）做到极致轻量，其路感和轻量性甚至超越了众多赤足类极简跑鞋。由于脚感几近赤足，所以仅推荐跑姿力量极佳、有赤足跑能力的跑者使用。

Wave Paradox 2 Mizuno Men's Wave Paradox 2 Running Shoe Amazon.com: Mizuno Men's Wave Paradox 2 Running Shoe: Shoes $134.95美国亚马逊
美津浓最高缓震级的支撑系跑鞋，全掌Wave，后跟至中足的扇形Wave提供了超强的支撑性，而牺牲了弯折度和轻量性。推荐非常需要内旋控制的大体重跑者使用。

Wave Evo Cursoris 2 Mizuno Running Shoes Wave Evo-cursoris 2 Black × Yellow J1gc146... Shop Mizuno at The Amazon Sports & Outdoors Store. Free Shipping + Free Returns on Qualified Orders. $135.7美国亚马逊
Cursoris属于美津浓的自然跑/赤足跑风格的极简类跑鞋Wave Evo系列，该系列使用独一无二的零落差仿足型鞋楦，也是美津浓跑鞋家族中唯一仅仅在前掌使用Wave片的分支，前掌缓震略强于后跟，而中足完全无Wave支撑，全靠中底造型贴合足弓。此外，在前掌大量使用耐磨橡胶的同时，后跟却几乎是完全裸露的（仅在后跟外侧嵌入了一小块与中底共面的耐磨橡胶）。此鞋缓冲鞋重比很高（很轻却很缓震），推荐想接触自然跑法（前掌/中足跑法）而又不想完全放弃缓震的跑者使用。

Wave Cruise Japan Mizuno Running Shoes Wave Cruise Japan Amazon.com: Mizuno Running Shoes Wave Cruise Japan: Shoes $159美国亚马逊
日本制驿传竞走赛用鞋，风格极其传统硬朗的一双经典竞速鞋。Cruise被美津浓日本官网定位为“expert”驿传竞走（一种源自日本、由多人组队参加的长距离接力赛跑活动）专用鞋，也可用于长距离跑、冬季中的跑步训练和速度训练。Cruise比美津浓的精英级马拉松鞋（日本官网定位为全马230-330完走选手用鞋，如Spacer Dyna、日产Spacer GL J4）都要轻，甚至轻于著名的精英路跑鞋ASICS虎走（日本官网定位在全马进3），皮革网布鞋面，全颗粒外底，中底又薄又平（酷似上世纪七八十年代的速跑鞋）。这双Cruise Japan是已经出到10代的正代Cruise的日产纪念版（与标准版差异不大），而两种Cruise都很任性地没有将AP+中底升级成轻量30%的U4ic（日产的精英马鞋Spacer Gl j4也没有升级中底，升级中底的叫Spacer Dyna），只有推广到欧美市场的Wave Ekiden（Ekiden即为日语“驿传”）升级了中底。

Wave Hayate 2 Mizuno Men's Wave Hayate 2 Running Shoe Amazon.com: Mizuno Men's Wave Hayate 2 Running Shoe: Shoes $99.95美国亚马逊
美津浓新产品线的两双越野跑鞋中较为轻量的型号，推荐在不需要防刺穿、防刮刺的越野环境中，对速度有要求的越野跑者使用。美津浓越野跑鞋的鞋面一直没有防水和防刮刺设计，鞋底也没有专门的防刺穿结构，因此在越野跑鞋中有极佳的透气性和轻量性乃至可以用来路跑，然而就不适合最严酷的越野环境。美津浓的公路跑鞋往往将Wave片延伸至中足以防止扭转、提高中足支撑性和稳定性（类似于ASICS、Adidas跑鞋里中足支撑条的作用），而越野跑鞋反其道而行之，仅在后跟有加强稳定的凹形Wave，中足的XtaticRide技术则用来增强中足的扭转灵活度，配合提升了湿地抓地力、使用X形鞋钉的外底，可以更好地适应崎岖的路面。一位密歇根州的跑者世界测试员说道，在麦基诺岛湿滑的越野环境中，路面布满了石块和隐蔽的树根，抓地力耐用度兼优的Hayate 2简直是根救命稻草。
后记：误区1、2、3、4本质上来说其实都是一点，有太多种跑鞋和太多种跑者，而这两个集合间还有太多种可能的映射关系，例如同一个跑者可能会用轻薄的硬底鞋跑5K，而用厚重的软底鞋跑超马。一个跑者就是一个哈姆雷特，每个跑者的特点都不尽相同，还有不同的用鞋偏好（跑步水平相近的人有的喜欢缓震有的喜欢反馈，同一双鞋有人拿来短距速跑有人拿来跑马，有跑者既穿没有缓震的五指鞋，也穿极致缓震的HOKA），因此适合的鞋并不相同，而且还随着跑者自身的改变在不断变化。为了满足多样的需求，跑鞋公司制造出了各种各样的跑鞋。
译者打个可能不是很准确的比方，各公司专业线上出的跑鞋的差别，其实就像做菜口味的差别，有的菜辣，有的菜甜，就算同样是辣菜，还有微辣、中辣、特辣、出人命辣，每种口味的菜都有人爱吃，没有高下之分，只有个人口味的差别。“日本ASICS的Kayano，比你们这些跑鞋不知道要高到哪里去了，我穿它席卷八荒”这样的神坛并不存在，什么 不差钱直接上顶级、一步止烧（英文中并不以顶级/次顶级、旗舰/次旗舰这种有对比性优劣暗示的词去形容跑鞋，比如RunningWareHouse用的就是Premium最高、Standard标准、Performance表现和Racing竞速 这些中性词）更是虚妄，本文第一句当头暴击就是“没有最好的跑鞋”，就更别提最好的品牌了，跑鞋市场是百花齐放的。
近期有一篇跑者世界文章的结语说得好，“跑鞋不是引擎，而更像是轮胎和减震器，用以调节驱动系统和行驶路面之间的关系”，肌肉和心肺才是真正的动力源。跑者的身体永远是最重要、最可靠的装备，经由穿着（或不穿）跑鞋去训练而强化。

鉴于日后翻译跑鞋指南（2015冬季指南已经出了视频测评，1500v2和Triumph ISO 2获得编辑之选，一双是支撑系轻量训练鞋，一双是最大缓震级的缓震系慢跑鞋，口味差别极大，而并无高下之分）和个人原创（依然积压中……）还要多次引用，所以这里直接将本文翻译过来了，中英对照方便各位理解和指正。
之前翻译的跑鞋指南果然有值友和我一样感觉像机翻但我专门买了15年9月的中文引进版跑者世界，仔细对照了跑鞋指南的翻译，发现即使他们翻译的不是我翻的那些碎片化的测评摘要，而是完整的文字测评，也依然难以做到信达雅，反而由于翻译者不熟悉跑鞋而错误百出，连脚趾和跖球都能搞错，简直不堪卒读。这次翻译完整的文章感觉行文流畅了很多，至少自己觉得没那么谷歌了。